On Nov. 14, 2006 the second annual review of the OntoGrid project took place in Brussels. The goal of the OntoGrid project is to design an architecture for the Semantic Grid; the long hoped for combination of Grid and Semantic Web. The idea is to add semantic metadata to Grid resources (so-called “semantic bindings”) such that Grid resources can be reasoned about, thereby paving the way for automatic discovery, selection and combination of Grid resources. In this sense the Semantic Grid and Semantic Web Services have several things in common (see my posting on the DIP project)
Many of the projects I am involved in are about developing and applying research results and technology to real life settings. That is, there is an important focus on “exploitation plans” of the research results, with the aim of commercial uptake in the market. In the OntoGrid project that is not the case. OntoGrid is a STRP (a Specific Targeted Research Project) whose focus is on research rather than on potential commercial exploitation of the project results.
Apart from mentioning that the review went very well; both the reviewers and the Commission were very happy with the project (you can read all about the project at the website www.ontogrid.net), we found an interesting distinction between research projects focused on commercial exploitation of the results, and research projects focusing on impact on the research communities. This difference is expressed in the Innovation Funnel versus the “Impact Spray” (coined by Carole Goble).
As I wrote in IEEE Intelligent System (AI’s Future: Innovating in Business and Society, May/June issue, 2006, pp 72-73), The innovation funnel models how ideas become products. Having ideas is easy, turning them into concrete proposals is a bit more difficult, transforming that into a working prototype is much harder, and commercializing the software is a completely different story. Few ideas make it to commercialization and end up in a new product, service, or even company. A consequence of the innovation funnel is that as you move from idea to results, you need increasingly more investment. Having an idea is cheap; commercializing a software product or service might involve millions of dollars. The Innovation Funnel applied to OntoGrid is illustrated in the figure below. There are quite a few ideas and proposals for technology and/or components, but only a few will make it in the end to the mainstream market (may take easily 5 years, I estimate).
The impact spray is exactly the opposite. One starts with one main idea (Semantic Grid in this case), which leads to several proposals, which each may lead to several prototypes, etc. As the project creates more impact, and the research community takes up the individual results and starts using it, it quickly spreads out like a spray. Maybe s omething like the selfish memes of Richard Dawkins (Richard Dawkins, ``The Selfish Gene'', Oxford University Press, 1976). The figure below shows to Impact Spray applied to OntoGrid current state (© Carole Goble, as far as I know).
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Because of various cultural elements that a specific to a place or territory, a game that looks completely acceptable in one territory could be rejected as unacceptable in another. This is a good reason to thin that video game localization - as opposed to mere translation- is necessary for games.
However I've often been wondering: when does the "localization" of content stop being "localization" and turn into full-on "censorship"? Aren't these changes killing some of the game's fun?
Let's take a recent example, I'll use the newest installment in the Yakuza series. Yakuza 3 - an imported Japanese PlayStation game - was recently released in the US. A lot of gamers complained because some scenes and important elements of the games where changed when the game made it to US.
Now the question is: do all of these elements actually required to be changed? Isn't that just based on a stereotype that American gamers tend to be more religious and concerned about nudity and violence? Gamers were most likely expecting something different after reading about the game in specialized media
Regardless as to what country this game is purchased in, by default (due to content) the player will generally be an adult - or at least old enough to understand that the game may contain some "naughty bits". Just look at the cover - this fact is not going to surprise anyone. So who are the publishers to decide even further who this game is for, and what parts they should be allowed to play?.
Video game localization should be given more consideration, and before censoring, developers should rather listen to their gamers at first.
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